For instance, the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Ariane5 rocket has a lift-off mass of 780 tonnes and can carry 20 tonnes of payloads to LEO and 10 tonnes to GTO. This, however, does not mean that LVM3 is weak compared to rockets used by other countries or space companies for similar jobs. But when it comes to the geostationary transfer orbits (GTO), which lie much further ahead, up to about 35,000 km from the Earth, it can carry much less, only about four tonnes. The launch vehicle can carry up to 8 tonnes of payload to the lower earth orbits ( LEO), which is about 200 km from the Earth’s surface. LVM3 is India’s heaviest rocket, with a gross lift-off weight of 640 tonnes, an overall length of 43.5m and 5m-diameter payload fairing (nose-shaped equipment to protect the rocket from aerodynamic forces). Rockets have powerful propulsion systems that generate the huge amount of energy required to lift heavy objects like satellites into space, overcoming the gravitational pull of the Earth. It needs to be attached - like any satellite - to launch vehicles or rockets, like the LVM3 in this case. The Chandrayaan-3, which consists of a lander, rover and propulsion module, can’t travel to space on its own. Why has Chandrayaan-3 been integrated with LVM3? The Chandrayaan-2 mission, launched on July 22, 2019, had partially failed after its lander and rover crashed on the Moon during the early hours of September 6. The Chandrayaan-3 mission, slated to be launched between July 12 and 19, will be India’s second attempt to make a spacecraft land on the Moon. Today, at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, the encapsulated assembly containing Chandrayaan-3 is mated with LVM3. In a tweet, Isro said, “LVM3-M4/Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Today, at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, the encapsulated assembly containing Chandrayaan-3 is mated with LVM3.”
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